Virginia Tech Law and Higher Education Essay examples

What duty does a college or university owe its students? The duty of care is owed to every college and/or university student. Duty of care is the obligation to use a reasonable level of care towards an individual to avoid harm to that individual. Duty of care is therefore based upon the relationship of the parties, the negligent act or omission and the reasonable foreseeability of loss to that individual. A negligent act results in loss for the victim. Not notifying your campus community in a timely manner is and negligent act and can be considered as being in breach of duty of care. Colleges and/or universities are federally mandated under the Clery Act must issue timely warnings to the campus community to inform affected persons of†¦show more content†¦The Emergency Response Plan was revised with newly created position of Director of Emergency Management as well as department, incorporation of emergency support functions and newly added emergency notification system protocols (VT, 2010). Modifications was made to the University-wide Safety and Security Policies. Major changes was made to the umbrella safety and security policy which was renamed from the Campus Security to University Safety and Security which provides oversight and coordination for all campus policies and committees responsible for safety and physical security (VT, 2010). Several committees were created such as the University Safety and Security Policy Committee, Campus Violence Prevention Committee, and the University Emergency Management and Risk Assessment Committee. The University Safety and Security Policy Committee was responsible for duties such as reviewing, evaluating, and determining requirements concerning safety and security assessments, plans, programs, and education including changes that may affect the quality of the university’s living, learning and working environment (VT, 2010). The Campus Violence Prevention Committee is responsible for conducting annual reviews to identify potential or existing risks, including gathering and analyzing reports and data to identify high-risk departments, activities or locations (VT, 2010). Lastly, theShow MoreRelatedConcealed Weapons and Campus Safety803 Words   |  4 PagesTygaStyle, Student WRT202.101 York College of PA 2 August 2012 Introduction On April 16, 2007, Seung Hui Cho shot and killed 32 people and wounded 17 others on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA in two separate attacks about two hours apart (Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech, 2007; Worth, 2008). Those shots were heard around the world as people tried to grasp one of the deadliest murders in United States history. The Department of Educational StatisticsRead MoreConcealed Handguns in College Campuses777 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals the right to own guns and indicates that the government cannot restrict this right. Colleges do not allow individuals to carry these weapons on campus because most think it is too dangerous and can cause individuals to be in danger including the law enforcement, staff and other college students. Despite this right, weapons on college campuses lead to dangerous situations, violence, and even death. Point #1: More guns will lead to increased violence: Public and private colleges should preventRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control : The Right To The Second Amendment1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution was constructed from a set of rules, also known as amendments. These were written with the intention of securing the basic rights of all United States citizens. It usually serves as an outline for the laws of the land by dictating the powers of the people and what is acceptable under the watch of the United States government. The history behind these amendments began in 1789 when it was proposed and drafted by James Madison. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as partRead MoreThe Virginia Tech Incident: Developing Hindsight to Prevent Future Incidents1791 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant it is until they are faced with a threat on their mortality. More than thirty of Virginia Tech’s students were faced with that mortality on April 16, 2007, when Seung-Hui Cho murdered them with two semiautomatic handguns, and then he killed himself. Many problems lead to this unfortunate event, and many people seem to blame the school. Lynn Daggett, a Professor at the Gonzaga University School of Law, states, â€Å"Schools struggle with whether, when, and how to involve the police, both when studentsRead MoreShould Guns Be Guns On College Campuses?1097 Words   |  5 PagesShould students, faculty, staff, and visitors be allowed to carry loaded firearms on PASSHE or higher education campuses within Pennsylvania? Some individuals believe that guns are critical to their freedom while others believe that guns are an instrument of death and violence. Giving students the opportunity to carry guns on campus is a foolish idea. It will not make a campus any safer in allowing students to carry a firearm. College students are not responsible enough to carry guns because alcoholRead MoreGun Rights On College Campuses2638 Words   |  11 Pagesis right, an d what is wrong. Concealed carry on college campuses is one of those noticeable arguments. As the years pass by, gun rights on college campuses have become a touchy subject that is normally avoided at dinner tables and formal events. The laws concerning concealed carry on college campuses vary from state to state, and also from campus to campus. Several factors about concealed carry either have people uneasy while others adamantly fight for more gun rights on college campuses and universitiesRead MoreThe Equal Pay Act And The Civil Rights Laws1595 Words   |  7 PagesOn June 10, 1963, Congress passed the Equal Pay Act this law made it illegal to pay women lower wage rates for the same job strictly based on their sex. Before that, separate job listings for men and women advertised in newspapers with different pay scales for the same jobs with the highest-level jobs advertising for men only. Subsequently, two important court cases, Schultz vs. Wheaton Glass (1970) which ruled jobs only need to be substantially equal and not identical to be protected under theRead MorePros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past two hundred plus years. Brief Analysis In order to prevent discrimination in the workplace, most employers will use affirmative action programs or quotas in order to balance the order of minorities amongst the workforce. Sometimes, federal law demands certain employers to uphold affirmative action policies. Executive Order 11246 under the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency demands the use of affirmative action by federal contractors and subcontractors if their workforce met a predefined minimumRead MoreStudents Deserve the Right to Protect Themselves Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesto carry guns on campus and 22 leave the policy of guns on campus to the schools. The remaining 6 allow students to carry weapons, but not necessarily into school buildings. Only in Utah is a student’s right to concealed carry protected by state law. While the government, state or federal, may not be able to control a private institutions right to ban guns, on public school grounds, students should be allowed to legally carry weapons, as th ey are on almost any other public grounds. Not onlyRead MoreCampus Safety Reformation And Its Impact1652 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment. In this paper, we will discuss what has sparked transformation in regards to camps safety and how these changes effect student and faculty. The exponential growth of violence and the ever increasing personal entitlement of individuals have law makers rigorously attempting to appease. The second amendment in the U.S Constitution reads, A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Over time

The Good Earth Essay Free Essays

Danielle Duncan Mrs. Felix English 4 Adv. 10 October 2012 Corrupted by Wealth Pearl S. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Earth Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buck’s novel The Good Earth, originally published in 1931 by Simon and Schruster and published again in 2009, takes place in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s in China. Wang Lung is a hardworking, traditional Chinese man who married a slave named O-lan. The couple was very poor and they relied heavily on their land because that was all they had. One year, Wang Lung was very successful in his farming, so he became very wealthy. Wang Lung allows himself to become corrupted by the views of society of the rich, and he begins to treat O-lan more like a slave rather than his wife. Wang Lung has several good harvests and saves enough food and money to overcome the hard times and get his family through the years to come. One day, Wang Lung decides that O-lan is not suitable to be the wife of an opulent land owner such as himself. He comments on how ugly her unbound feet are, and O-lan was extremely hurt by that. †¦and he saw for the first time that she was a woman whom no man could call other than she was, a dull and common creature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Buck 179). Later on, he does regret saying what he said to her because he feels guilty, but Chinese men do not show their emotions. It would have been unlike a traditional Chinese man to feel any sort of repentance towards his wife after insulting her. Not only does Wang Lung belittle O-lan, but he also ends up having a mistress. He starts attending the ostentatious tea house because he felt as if he were too good to go to the old tea house. At the new tea house, he got to choose one of the beautiful and alluring women on the paintings that were hanging on the walls. He picks out a woman named Lotus. As Cuckoo took Wang Lung upstairs, she said, â€Å"And Lotus may have this fellow – he smells of the fields and garlic! † (192). Wang Lung was highly embarrassed because he cares too much of what society thinks. â€Å"This Wang Lung heard, although he disdained to answer, although her words smote him like a dagger thrust because he feared that he looked indeed what he was, a farmer† (192). Although he was chagrin about the situation, it does not stop him from changing completely. Wang Lung wore a ponytail, but since Lotus thought it was old fashioned, he cut it for her. He also starts spending money abundantly, loses his enthusiasm for farming, purchases many new clothes, and cares heavily about his appearance. Wang Lung wanted to purchase Lotus, but in the meantime, he was distressed and worried. He screams at O-lan for not brushing her hair during this time. She cried, but it caught Wang Lung by surprise because he is not used to ever seeing her cry. Even during the hardest times of their life together, she did not weep. Not only did Wang Lung purchases Lotus, but he built her her very own house and pond. He also hires Cuckoo as her servant because she servant because Lotus’ feet are bound so she cannot walk a long distance, and later he builds Lotus and Cuckoo their own kitchen. Later in the novel, it is apparent that Wang Lung does not want his son to marry a village woman. â€Å"I am not willing that he marry any of the daughters of the village farmers, nor is it meet, seeing that we bear the common name of Wang† (237). If he was still poor, he most likely would not have cared if his son was married to a village woman. Wang Lung cares too much of what society thinks about him when he becomes rich. Wang Lung was once just a poor farmer in China, until he came into some money. He believed he was better than others, and he displayed that by the way he acted towards certain people, including his wife. Wang Lung treated his wife poorly once he met Lotus. He completely changed. Wang Lung let money and society’s view of the rich corrupt how he once used to be. How to cite The Good Earth Essay, Essay examples The Good Earth Essay Free Essays Character Analysis Wealth will not arise around you if no burning desire for wealth arises within you. Fortuitous for us, most men and woman alike both yearn for wealth, an intangible existent that has since the dawn of time represented superior class. But why is it that we yearn for wealth so much? Money? Power? Social Status? Luxury? Pride? Furthermore, why does wealth blind us from important things, like tradition? In the beginning of The Good Earth, we are introduced to an impecunious, young farmer, Wang Lung, who, due to his father’s arrangement, ends up marrying a â€Å"brown common, patient faced† slave with the name of O-Lana. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Earth Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like most farmer, Wang Lung has a strong connection and attachment to the land. However he is, like most men, an ambitious man, very envious of the Hang family and desires to have their wealth. How to cite The Good Earth Essay, Essays

Technology that Spelled the Conquest of the New World Essay Sample free essay sample

When the Spanish embarked in the coastal and cardinal parts of Mexico. history dramatically altered the class of Mesoamerican history. In the 16th century. mercantile system triggered the Europeans to research the New Word and that subsequently translated into imperialism. This was what the ambitiousconquistadorHernan Cortes had in head to harvest up Spanish presence into the Valley of Mexico to seek for gold. In this hunt. Cortezs encountered the so-called â€Å"Aztecs. † the first of the ancient Sun Kingdoms to be made known to the other universe and the first to topple into Europe’s lap. and with this dramatic impact on man’s imaginativeness the first feelings can non be undone.Apparently. this pursuit led by Cortes resulted in a momentous and violent east-meets-west clang of civilisations between the Spaniards and the autochthonal Aztecs. the prostration of the latter’s complex imperial province stretched across most of northern and cardinal Mexico. and the practical race murder of the native population. With such few Numberss of military personnels compared to the Aztecs numbering several hundred 1000s. how did Cortes and his work forces manage to win in the conquering of the Aztecs? As one of Hernan Cortes’ soldiers. Bernal Diaz ( 1496-1584 ) became the chronicler of Cortes’ conquering as he exhibited recognized the bravery. the effectivity. and the self-respect of Cortes. His book entitledThe True History of the Conquest of New Spainis a firsthand history of the Spanish conquering of Mexico and the machinations in Hispaniola. Cuba. and Spain in the post-conquest period. Bernal added to the thought of Hero and his ain thought of the importance of Masses ( the organic structure of the Spanish ground forces. the public ) . He did non minimize Cortes. but he humanized him. He surrounds him with people. he has him travel and talk with mundane gestures. and in this manner another history of the conquering of New Spain emerges. non the true one but a more colourful one. Cortezs was known for his military mastermind. his usage of superior Spanish engineering. and his use of credulous â€Å"Indians† and a superstitious Aztec emperor enable him to take a few hundred Spanish soldiers to a make bolding conquering of an imperium of 1000000s —and thereby set an illustration that permits the remainder of the Spanish conquerings in the Americas. In the 16th century Cortes became the archetypical conquistador. In history. we have known that Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec empire—some 200. 000 warriors—with 508 soldiers. 16 Equus caballuss. 10 bronze cannon. four falconets. and 13 muskets. Cortezs attacked when retreat seemed proper. he praised the heroism of his defeated oppositions. and made peace with the Aztec’s enemies. His vision—in address and action—to take the Gospel to the New World. happen celebrity in this antic escapade. and claim wealth beyond comparison motivated brilliant attempt and trueness i n his work forces. In comparing. the Aztecs had their ain portion of arms: They were transporting their usual arms: bows. pointers. spears of assorted sizes. some of which were every bit big as ours ; shields. blades individual and dual handed. and slings and rocks. . . . ( p. 24 ) . They carried ambidextrous blades. shields. spears. and feather plumes. Their blades. which were every bit long as broadswords. were made of flint which cut worse than a knife. and the blades were so set than one could neither interrupt them nor draw them out†¦ ( p. 137 ) Montezuma had two houses stocked with every kind of arm ; many of them were amply adorned with gold and cherished rocks. There were shields big and little. and a kind of broadsword. and ambidextrous blades set with flint blades that cut much better than our blades ( p. 223 ) . Bernal Diaz del Castillo reported that the Amerindians they encountered wore cotton shirts and loin fabrics. and that artisanal work and points of gold and Cu were considered as trades. As a consequence. these Amerindians are evidently more civilised than the Cubans. who. except for the adult females among them. wore nil resembling vesture. Still. their civilisation was seen as tainted by â€Å"evil-looking gods† and blood-stained communion tables in the thick of supplication houses of â€Å"fine masonry. † For old ages. the Aztec male monarch Montezuma had all but given up the military way of his authorities and was surrounded by a corps of astrologists. auspexs. sorcerers. and mediums from whom he sought. by the reading of marks. symbols. and observation of the omens. to larn what to make to win back the favour of the Gods. From the really start their acquired Spanish imposts and cultural prejudices would inform the European certification sing the viability of the conquering of Mexico. The Aztecs were contending people. They had no luxuries on their land: cotton. superb bird plumes. cocoa. gold. rubber were non of their earth’s premium. If they wanted these things. they got them by conquering. Furthermore. as they became specialised they manufactured and traded. It was hard plenty: each part was hostile to every other ; there were few natural avenues ; embroilments had to be called off so trading could be carried on. There was a great deficiency of unity even among towns nominally Aztec. As Tenochtitlan. the suppressing metropolis. widened its skylines. new merchandises. new thoughts came into it. and bit by bit luxuries were converted into necessities. Cortezs and his military personnels thought that they had all available engineerings of advanced arms and well-trained military personnels to que er their barbarian enemies: We had gained some experience from our earlier expedition. and had brought with us in our boats some little cannon and a good supply of crossbows and muskets. As we approached the shore. they began to hit pointers. and to hurtle spears at us with all their might. and although we did them great harm with our cannon. such a flight of pointers rained down on us that half our soldiers were wounded†¦ ( p. 24 ) . Cortezs. who was really astute in all affairs. said with a laugh to those of us who happened to be standing with him: Make you cognize. gentlemen. I believe it is the Equus caballuss that the Indians are most scared of. They likely think that it is merely they and the cannon that they have been contending. and I’ve idea of a manner of corroborating their belief ( p. 73 ) . As the field was bare and the equestrians were good riders. and some of the Equus caballuss were really fleet and agile. they came rapidly upon them and speared them as they chose ( p. 71 ) . There was a soldier in Cortes’ cantonment who said that he had been in Italy. in the Great Captain’s company. and was in the matter at Garellano and other great conflicts. He talked a good trade about war-engines. and said he could do a slingshot in Tlatelolco which. if they were to pelt the one-fourth of the metropolis into which Guatemoc retreated. would do them action for peace in two yearss ( p. 396 ) . The Spanish histories. such as by Bernal Diaz. qualified much of the Europeans’ technological high quality in conflict. particularly their Equus caballuss and pieces. But contrary to the conquistadores’ claims. the indigens did non flinch before these apparently godly combatants on their Godhead steeds of conflict. In fact. they improvised fleetly to counter these new factors. demoing in the procedure of regard for the bravery of the Equus caballuss they were neer to allow to their Masterss. The technological affairs such as supply lines and transit passed unnoticed by the conquistadores are besides really important to their triumph. Horses here figure non as instruments of war but as animals of load. Missing Equus caballuss and even the wheel. the Aztec ground forcess had to transport their supplies on their dorsums or drag them on palettes ; this put great emphasis on supply lines and was a major ground why the Aztecs could non pay a distant war on a wide forepart. Al ternatively. over the old ages they had developed a manner of domination by model panic: assailing a individual fractious metropolis whose dramatic licking would squelch restlessness in an full part. The â€Å"human sacrifice† back place of several thousand confined warriors reinforced this message. Rival swayers were pointedly invited to these theological-political ceremonials. which cut across any orderly division between communicating with people and communicating with the Gods. The preferable manner of ruling a new country was likewise selective. and it focused chiefly on peripheral metropoliss and small towns. Rulers would neer originate a war by striking straight at the bosom of a rival power—it was excessively hard to provide and reenforce the ground forces. Besides. ecological factors came into drama every bit good. As has frequently been the instance in pre-modern societies. there were seasons for engaging war. outside the months when people had to concentrate on planting and harvest home. If an ground forces went out at these times. masters every bit good as victims could hunger in the approaching twelvemonth. Planting and harvest seasons were the clip for menaces. maneuverings. and psychological warfare instead than for full armed struggle. Therefore. when Cortes gained a critical bridgehead in Tenochtitlan. the Aztec capital. he was guaranteed of unquestionable triumph. Strictly by opportunity he marched on the capital at harvest clip. and he attacked the bosom of the greatest imperium in the New World with 300 work forces. without the customary old ages of anterior harrying of outlying small towns and towns. Cortezs could take Montezuma prisoner in big portion because no Mesoamerican leader in his right head would hold tried such a stunt in the preliminary stage of a major struggle. with no manner even to acquire the captured leader back place for forfeit on his frequenter deity’s temple stairss. In add-on. the fact that Aztecs believed that the white Spaniards were â€Å"gods† . they would literally honour them and be afraid to pay war against them: It appears that one of our soldiers had a helmet that was half-gilt but slightly rusty. This Tendile noticed. and being of a more inquiring temperament than his fellow Cacique. he asked if he might see it. since it was like one that they possessed which had been left them by their ascendants of the race from which they sprang and placed on the caput of their God Huichilobos. ’ He said that his maestro Montezuma would wish to see this helmet. and it was given to him ( p. 86 ) . In the concluding analysis. the ruin of the Aztec imperium materialized when the supports from Cuba and the Indian confederations. particularly with Tlaxcala — the pledged enemies of the Aztecs – came into the image. Add to that. the Spaniards’ well-trained military personnels had the engineering of cannons. rifles and metal armour. Their cognition to construct other military arms. such as the slingshot and their usage of Aztec maltreatments and their usage of Equus caballuss. which the Indians had neer seen earlier. provided mobility to the Spanish onslaught and struck fright in the Indians. Finally. the belief by many Aztecs. particularly Montezuma. that Cortes was Quetzalcoatl a God returning to destruct the Aztecs spelled the triumph of Cortes’ military personnels in their conquering. Although some present critics describe the conquering was written in the position of conquistadors themselves because of course these were generated by specific political fortunes and cultural contexts of the Spanish alone. These are the impressions that conquering was achieved and colonialism quickly imposed when native ground forcess were defeated and Spanish metropoliss founded and by surprisingly little groups of Spaniards moving entirely. Such narrative. like the one written by Bernal Diaz. is a camouflage the drawn-out and uncomplete nature of the existent events because no such histories were chronicled by the Aztecs. Were it non that this utterly barbarian imperium. which we call Aztecs but were known so as Mexicans. had non so viciously dominated their neighbours. who joined Cortes in his conquering. the Spanish would non hold a opportunity to progress their subterranean motivations of colonising Mexico. Plants Cited Diaz. Bernal.The Conquest of New Spain. trans. J. M. Cohen. New York: Penguin Classicss. ( Reprint edition. August 30. 1963 )

J.P Hayes Essays - East Asia, Geography Of Asia,

J.P Hayes Mr. Bevington English H 20 October 2017 A Nation Born From War The United States of America is a preeminent nation to us citizens who are honored to live and walk on it's surface everyday we wake up. Recently North Korea and their foolish leader have been challenging the pure strength and manpower of the United States armed forces. As U.S citizens we should not stand to let this be okay and pass through our memories while our armed forces stand ready to protect us everyday. We the people of United States of America need not to fear war with North Korea but to embrace it because our nation was created from patriotism which still thrives, we have more men enlisted, and greater firepower on both land and in the air. Our great nation won it's independence from the British by defeating their premier army with a cluster of farmers and regular working class men. In 1776 America and it's people were born from war and still at this very moment we shall be ready for war. If an army made up of untrained and unprepared regular men can defeat the Redcoats, then with our current U.S military we should demolish any adversary. President Donald Trump stated, "Any more threats to the United States will be met with fire and furry like the world has never seen", and as U.S citizens born from war we shall stand behind him. North Korea was in a civil war against South Korea in the 1950's when the land was still known as Korea. The separation of the two happen when an armistice was singed meaning North Korea never won it's independence like America. When the U.S armed forces fight they can stand for those who sacrificed their life in the revolution to liberate America. North Koreans can be patriotic but they can not say that their nation was sparked and won from the idea of patriotism and independence. On the day we first step onto the battlefield against North Korea we should stand shoulder to shoulder as brothers and watch as the enemy fears us. Our great country has 120,002,084 men fit for service at this very moment while the North Koreans only have 10,066,704 men fit for service according to the U.S homeland security. Given these numbers we shall not ease up and loose like the redcoats did to the U.S colonist, but instead we should know that there our eleven times more boots behind our soldier then the North Koreans. The only category of war North Korea has bigger then the U.S is their number of war ships but they still aren't as powerful and long range as the United State's war ships are. The U.S doubles the size of the size of North Korea's war budget, total land power such as tanks, and aircraft power. Not only do we possess more firepower and money then North Korea, but also we have our patriotism on top of that. Rocket Man and North Korea should fear us Americans while we sit back and relax because we have all the power of the world behind us while the enemy has none. For the last time do not back down from any battles but in particular don't back down from the war against the modern era Stalin. We are Americans born from war and war we shall always succeed and fight no matter the odds.

Racism state troopers incident of the NJ turnpike essays

Racism state troopers incident of the NJ turnpike essays The first story takes place in Los-Angeles where Jim Losey is a Police officer who struggles with his own existence as a low-paid worker. He has his own concept of fighting the crime and he is a person who is a bit powerful, hiding behind a badge that hide a real prejudiced person. We believe facts and hate affected his life along the years. At first he was a great cop but now he is racist. He thinks troubles and crimes come from black people. We also believe he is not the only one. Fewer articles show us the sad truth. In this case, an article from the New-York Times illustrates perfectly a resemblance. In April last year, an incident took place in New Jersey. Two state troopers were indicted on attempted murder after a routine traffic stop. Three of four unarmed black people have been shot for no real apparent reason. We can easily find few similarities with both cases. Jim believes black people should be punished his way and not just put in jail. He even admits he has hurt someone before without being caught. He calls that tricks. He probably thinks his badge can protect him, allow him to do certain things or make it easier for him to do those things. He also believes it is right but it is not really right for the majority of us. We can imagine the reason why those state troopers have shot these poor people and used a ridiculous excuse. They probably thought they would get along with that just because they are cops. Jim also dreams about a life style he does not have and has to blame somebody for it. He directed his anger on colored people and doing that he generalized it the wrong way. He is doing his job with a passion and does not agree with politics. This article shows how much Jim believes the press reviled law enforcers and tries to stop him in his quest. Two state troopers are sent to jail. We can tell Jim thoughts about it his friends are sent to jail for...

PSAT Test Dates 2015

PSAT Test Dates 2015 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The PSAT test dates of 2015 have come and gone, but they are not forgotten - especially for students aiming to become National Merit Finalists. This guide will go over the exact PSAT test dates in 2015, as well as discuss how test-takers can make the most of their PSAT score reports today. If you’re looking for future PSAT test dates, then check out this guide instead. If you’re in the right spot, then read on to learn about how the PSAT testing schedule works for participating students. What to Know About PSAT Test Dates Unlike many other standardized tests, like the SAT or ACT, you don’t choose when you take the PSAT. Instead, your high school registers juniors and chooses the test date from two options in October. If you’re a ninth or tenth grader who wants to take the PSAT, then you have to ask your school counselor to sign you up. College Board gave schools two choices for test dates in 2015, a primary and an alternate. Both test dates fell on a weekday, on a Wednesday to be exact. Most schools administered the PSAT on the primary test date. Below are the exact dates for the primary and alternate testing dates for the PSAT in 2015. PSAT Test Dates in 2015 Schools administered the PSAT on one of these two test dates in 2015. Primary test date: October 14, 2015 Alternate test date: October 28, 2015 Most schools held the PSAT on October 14, 2015. The only exception would be if the school had a scheduling conflict that day and had to go with the alternate test date. Once students took the PSAT, they waited a few months to get back their scores. For juniors, October is the month of pumpkins, pie, and the PSAT. When Did 2015 PSAT Scores Come Out? Scores from the 2015 PSAT came out on January 7th, 2016. On that date, students could sign into their College Board accounts and view their score reports. Counselors actually had access to the scores one day earlier, on January 6. In addition to online score reports, students got paper score reports around January 29. Forstudents who took the PSAT in 2015 or who will be taking it in the future, why are PSAT scores important? Why Are PSAT Scores Important? PSAT scores are important for two main reasons. First, they give you essential feedback about your skills as a test-taker, and you can use that feedback to prepare for the SAT. Secondly, PSAT score reports tell any juniors who took the test whether or not they will qualify for National Merit distinction and scholarships. Let’s take a closer look at both of these functions of your PSAT scores. 1. Practice and Feedback for the SAT The PSAT and SAT are very similar tests, so your score report on the PSAT can help you figure out how to improve for the SAT. Both tests have Reading, Writing and Language, and math sections. The main difference is that the PSAT doesn’t have an essay section. Your PSAT score report will give you detailed feedback on your performance. You should take time to look at your results and pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses. If you struggled on the math section, for instance, then you can focus especially on math as you get ready for the SAT. By figuring out where you lost points, you can make efforts to get those kinds of questions right for next time. Your score report can also prompt you to reflect on the test-taking experience. Did you find yourself running out of time? Would you benefit from trying new test-taking strategies, like process of elimination on vocabulary questions? If you took the PSAT in 2015 and are still planning to take the SAT, you should carefully consider your PSAT score report and use it to design your SAT prep plan. Your PSAT score report gives you useful feedback on your skills as a test-taker. You can use that insightas you get ready for the SAT. 2. National Merit Distinctions and Scholarships If you took the PSAT as a junior, then you’re in the running for National Merit distinction and scholarships. The top 3% to 4% of scorers werenamed Commended Scholars, while students who score in the top 1% werenamed Semifinalists and couldmove on to become Finalists and win scholarship money. National Merit Scholarship Corporation hasn’t released its exact state-by-state cutoffs yet, but we can estimate the cutoffs based on data from past years. About a year after they took the PSAT in 2015, about 16,000 students across the country foundout if they achieved Semifinalist status. If you were one of those students who took the PSAT in October 2015, how can you make the most of your PSAT score report now? Make the Most of Your PSAT Score Report If you’re still planning to take the SAT, then your PSAT score report can help you design a study plan. Look closely at the sections where you excelled and the sections where you could use some improvement. Think about what skills you can work on to get better as a test-taker, whether you need to review specific concepts or practice time management. As you study for the SAT, try to identify and target your weak areas. Gather lots of practice questions, time yourself, and score your practice tests. Continue to measure your progress with your practice test score reports, just as you did with your PSAT score report. By taking time to analyze your PSAT and SAT practice test score reports, you can root out your weak areas and gaugeyour progress as you work toward your target SAT scores. In closing, let’s go over the key points you should remember about the PSAT in 2015, how it was administered, and how you can make the most of your PSAT score report now. Use your PSAT score report to target your weak areas and improve for the next test you take. PSAT in 2015: Key Takeaways Most schools administered the PSAT on Wednesday, October 14, 2015. Juniors automatically tookthe test and competed for National Merit distinction. Younger students couldalso request to take the test, and they coulduse the experience as practice for the junior year PSAT and the SAT. If you took the test in 2015, then you got your scores online on January 7th. Whether you’re competing for National Merit or prepping for the SAT, you can gain valuable insight from your PSAT score report. Take time to analyze your performance, figure out your strengths and weaknesses, and reflect on the experience to get ready for the SAT. What’s Next? Are you preparing to take the SAT? Check out our ultimate SAT prep guides for the Reading, Writing and Language, and Math sections of the SAT. Did you take the PSAT as a younger student in 2015? If you're aiming for top scores when you take the test as a junior, check out this full guide to getting a perfect score on the PSAT. Have you started taking steps to apply to college? For a full overview of the entire college application process, check out this comprehensive guide. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Reflective Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflective Journal - Assignment Example Seeking to be a manager of a manufacturing firm, my strengths in interpersonal relationship and team leadership would enable me foster a collaborative management as this would ensure that employees’ ideas are considered in decision-making. This would be useful in avoiding resistance to change or management’s decisions. However, I would have to work on my conflict resolution and negotiation skills so as to enable me maintain harmony in the organisation and enforce a balance between organisational and individual goals. I would also have to improve on my communication skills to relay information effectively. The effectiveness of this tool in determining the alignment of my competencies to my expected managerial roles made me appreciate the argument by Chaston (2011) and Rosaline (2013) that gap analysis helps in the identification of personal goals. I am now aware of my strengths and the areas where I would need to improve on so as to become an effective manager. Management process could be more complicated than it could appear. This could even be more pronounced in case of an organisation operating in a complex and changing environment. As such, the postulate by Henry Mintzberg on the roles in managing information, people and action as given by Muma, Smith and Somers (2005) and Schermerhorn (2011) would be critical. The interpersonal role of a manager as a leader; informational roles as a monitor and disseminator; and decision roles as a disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator would be useful in such a situation. In my view, complex situations cause confusion among employees. Therefore, the role of a manager as a leader would help in guiding employees on the way forward in case of dilemmas. Organisations need to be keen on the changes in the environment so as to make decisions on adaptive strategies that would ensure their

Education Plan for Fourth Grade Class Assignment

Education Plan for Fourth Grade Class - Assignment Example About five percent are reading below grade level and approximately 10 percent are reading above their grade level; there are a few children with diagnosed learning disabilities who have been mainstreamed. There are three fourth grade classes that will join together for the unit on history and we have chosen to study World War II with special emphasis on the Holocaust. The curriculum will work to make the events of the Holocaust relevant to the children. 1. Type of Curriculum Harriet Sepinwall states that John Goodlad created five types of curricula that are suitable for teaching fourth graders about the Holocaust. The five curricula are: ideal, formal, perceived, operational and experimental. The operational design is what has been chosen for this educational plan. The operational classroom speaks to the function of the classroom and what is actually being done. The curriculum is â€Å"defined and assessed by lesson plans, observational reports, and videotapes of instructional situa tions† (Sepinwall 4). By using this type of curriculum it will allow students to be immersed in the Holocaust in order to make it more relevant to them. Activities will include reading, drawing, group work and group reading. 2. Goals for the Curriculum We were able to purchase 51 books about World War II and/or the Holocaust. The objective of our program is to use the story of the Holocaust to teach about tolerance, respect for differences, and to help children understand prejudice. Some of our goals include: 1. Students will read books that include the feelings and emotions of children and adults who experienced the Holocaust. 2. To talk about the Holocaust and WWII as they pertain to prejudice and people who were different. 3. To help children identify situations today that are similar to what the Jews experienced during that time. 4. To discuss how children in school are treated and mistreated and talk about what could be done about those children who are mistreated. 3. Act ivities Because we will have four classes coming together to learn about this time in history, we have planned both online and offline activities. As an example, we will start by talking to students about the Holocaust and what it was and how it fit into World War II. Children will read several stories during the course of two weeks from our new library of books and they will present short reports about what they read. We will discuss the information presented in terms of what happens today in similar situations. We will create literature circles so that children can talk about these experiences and they will learn about the Jewish experience and gain more knowledge about WWII and how it is relevant to the Holocaust. We will have the children look at a world map and find where these activities took place. Children will also talk about Hitler and how he came to power and how he lost. Another topic that will come up will be freedom. We will talk about freedom and how we experience fre edom today and what would happen if those freedoms were taken away. Although we would like to take the children to the Holocaust Museum, we are not sure whether this will be a possibility with the school’s budget. An alternative plan is to take them to the museum website because there is a lot of information to read and discuss. We can also take the children on a virtual tour of the Anne Frank house with important information about what happened there (one of the books we

Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Essay Shakespeares Hamlet remains at the pinnacle of high culture texts and the cannon as one of the most iconic texts in the modern world. Hamlet is a deeply philosophical in which grapples with metaphysical questions- existential in nature that underpins the human ethos. It is through the highly charged language, textual integrity and use of meta-theatrical techniques that ensure the plays modernity and continuing resonance in society through multiple perspectives. Hamlet is a revenge tragedy play that reveals the conflicting social paradigms of patriarchal Elizabethan society in transition, wherein the forces of reformation and renaissance were usurping the older world of medieval feudalism and hierarchy. The play also reflects the concerns of a society that questioned their social roles particularly the divine and moral standards of the church and crown. The play captures the spirit of inquiry through its opening question whos there? revealing the plays search for identity and truth- both literal and metaphorical- in which Hamlet drives at the moral centre of the play. Hamlet is essentially a grand narrative that follows the strictly controlled linear revenge tragedian format with Prince Hamlet as the avenging tragic hero. His role is indeed profound and equivocal; he questions the nature of freewill whilst seeking affirmation through the ghost to avenge his fathers murder. Yet it is by Hamlets pivotal flaws of hesitancy and uncertainty that he authors his own downfall and those innocents around him. Shakespeare reflects the conflicting values of his context through Hamlets statement o cursed spite that I was ever born to set it right he is torn between conflicting notions of medieval paganism and vengeance opposed to Christian humanism that demanded restraint and rationality. Yet it is through Hamlets melancholy and his questioning of humanity that the play becomes highly philosophical and personal drawing audiences in with the beauty of poetic language. Perspectives of Hamlet such as Kenneth Brannaghs 1996 film production and Marion Pots 2008 Bell Shakespeare theatre production demonstrate the plays continuing iconic status in society and its seamless ability to be re-appropriated into new contexts and perspectives. Brannaghs perspective of Hamlet is traditional, yet he stresses the conflict between truth and appearance through his stage design. The film depicts C19th castle of Elsinore, resplendent in its colourful pageantry, overpowering pristine white and extravagant costuming. Brannaghs implementation of secret hallways, mirrors and Hamlets dark clothing is juxtaposed to this lavish world that metaphorically reveals the entrenched and pervasive corruption that underlie this facade. Shakespeare stresses this notion through use of recurring extended metaphor in the rank, vile and un-weeded garden. This conflict between truth and appearance is illuminated in Act 3 Scene 2 via the play within the play. The acting on all levels in this scene causes the play to become highly reflexive and meta-theatrical, audiences are alerted to its constructed nature as twere a mirror up to nature yet also cautioning audiences over the masks that are constructed by people to disguise truth. The scenes reflexive and modernist techniques allow us to contemplate upon the nature of appearances demonstrating the iconic relevancy of the play. Brendan Cowells depiction of Hamlet in Pots Sydney production is that seemingly of a highly intellectual yet rebellious C21st college student. Cowell plays the role ironically subverting the worlds of adults through wit, puns and sarcasm that draws audiences into the plays self described comedic and cathartic nature. Potts perspective of Hamlet invokes a feeling of moral malaise through stage design. The use of worn dated clothing and seemingly dark decaying walls that seep water- hinting at underlying corruption and subverting the cleansing connotations of water. The presence of a large dominating spiral staircase gives the play a subterranean and stygian atmosphere that effectively alerts audiences towards looming mortality and hidden truth. In Act 2 Scene 2 Hamlet reflects upon the majesty of man- oh what piece of work is man- yet this is ironically juxtaposed to his own self disillusionment. Shakespeares movement from iambic pentameter to prose reflects Hamlets own loss of mirth; whilst also demonstrating the power of Shakespeares use of textual integrity to allow audiences to sympathise and connect to Hamlet. Hamlets paradoxical nature is revealed through evocative imagery concerning the goodness of humanity how like an angel yet this is subverted by Hamlets melancholy in his role as the avenger. Shakespeare juxtaposes this speech to his most iconic soliloquy to be or not to be in Act 3 Sc 1; the balanced opening thesis demonstrates our fear of the eternal mystery beyond death as opposed to the continuance of the hardships in life. The poetic and transcendent nature of Shakespeares language is demonstrated through his iconic sustained metaphor of death as the undiscovered country . This metaphor gives death a normality yet we are forever cautioned away by its eternal mystery. The soliloquy is highly evocative, subverting deaths connotations by giving it a tantalising quality through its ability to give us sleep, perchance dream. The speech causes audiences to reflect upon death, challenging our perceptions of life, whilst demonstrating Hamlets frustration at his own inaction and weakness that ironically drive the philosophical nature of the play. Shakespeares mediation on mortality continues in Act 5 Sc 1 which employs use of black humour and satire to subvert deaths connotations whilst providing comedic relief through the gravediggers banter. Hamlets monologue with Yorricks skull illuminates the finality and inexorable nature of mortality. The scene moves from satire and comedy to increasing seriousness with dramatic irony at Hamlets lack of knowledge of Ophelias death. The scene is juxtaposed to the entry of the coffin, taking on a deeper poignancy as it illuminates the irony of Hamlets feigned insanity as opposed to Ophelias true madness that resulted in her tragic demise causing audiences to reflect upon the nature of existence and fate. Ultimately Shakespeare affirms the existence of destiny at the end of the play through Hamlets statement there is a divinity that shapes our ends, coming down upon the religious paradigms of his day. Hamlet is a play challenges and questions our conventional paradigms and beliefs through Shakespeares mastery of literary technique, textual integrity and Hamlets contemplations. As a result the play examines universal concerns of humanity ensuring the plays continuing iconic status in society.

Internet & Society: Technologies and Politics of Control Essay

Internet & Society: Technologies and Politics of Control From the moment Internet file-sharing became a reality, exploding into millions of homes and dorms, something changed. Internet file sharing brought with it the opportunity to access for free what had previously cost money. Beyond that, file sharing created a social norm that music and digital media ought to be free. How did this happen? How did file sharers warp reality and forever create this notion that digital media, notably music doesn’t require the money it always had before? Through this paper, I will attempt to prove that the social norms of the Internet public were corrupted by code, by deceptive P2P programs that mask reality for the sake of prosperity. It is this warped social norm that plagues the future of digital media tomorrow. By examining the programs that have forced this revolution (Napster, LimeWire, KaZaA) much can be learned and understood about where and how society failed to recognize its Internet world is in fact an extension of the physical world, and the same rules of civility and morality ought to apply. It is my contention that the P2P networks created an atmosphere built around harmonious sharing—using the ideas of strength in numbers and anonymity to create richly stocked P2P networks. Finally, after careful analysis and discussion of the facts, I will offer suggestions on moving forward and hopefully solving the chaos and problems faced by the present system (or lack thereof). In â€Å"Code and other Laws of Cyberspace†, Lawrence Lessig outlines the four modalities of regulation—law, markets, norms, and architecture. Law has the ability to regulate behavior through penalty and markets create incentives for people to behave in particular... ...the Internet and online file sharing no longer be a chaotic jungle of copyright infringement, but an extension of community and relationships as we understand these terms in the offline world. Works Cited Goulder, Alvin. â€Å"The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement† American Sociological Review 1960. Levin, Daniel. â€Å"Building Social Norms on the Internet†. Yale Journal of Law & Technology. 2001-2002. Steiner, Peter. â€Å"On the Internet, Nobody Knows You’re a Dog†. The New Yorker 5 July 1993. Strahilevitz, Lior Jacob. â€Å"Charismatic Code, Social Norms, and the Emergence of Cooperation on the File-Swapping Networks†. John M. Olin Law & Economics Working Paper No. 165. The University of Chicago Law School. http://law.uchicago.edu/lawecon.index.html Takahashi, Nobuyuki. â€Å"The Emergence of Generalized Exchange† American Journal of Sociology 2000.

Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Cerén Village in Central America

The archaeological site of Joya del Ceren, located in the broad Zapotitan Valley in the fertile region of western El Salvador, is a remarkable and important find that has been compared to the ancient ruined cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy. Like Pompeii, Joya del Ceren was preserved under layers of volcanic ash in the catastrophic Loma Caldera eruption from the nearby Ilopango volcano approximately 600 AD. This eruption forced the sudden abandonment of the site by its inhabitants who were forced to leave their possessions behind.Dr Payson Sheets of the University of Colorado-Boulder has been leading the excavations of the site, and as this ancient farming village of the Maya is now being revealed, many important insights into the household and community life of the ancient Maya, as well as their economic, social, and religious activities are becoming better understood. In Dr. Sheets’ book, Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America, an o verview of the knowledge gained by recent excavations is provided.The book opens with a discussion of volcanology, geophysics, and paleobotany. It is clear that the presence of the nearby volcanic hills around the site presented both benefits and hazards to the ancient inhabitants. The volcano provided a source of hard stones for making manos and metates, its ancient eruptions deposited a fertile bed of ash for fruitful agriculture, but it also proved the destruction of their village.What is so amazing is the fine state of preservation that the volcanic eruption gave to the material culture of the site. The buildings, complete with their thatched roofs (mice included) and painted walls, the beautifully painted gourds and pottery vessels, whole and filled with foodstuffs, liquid residues, utensils and other personal items, the craft tools, and the clear evidence of craft production are all on hand, looking untouched despite their fourteen centuries of age. Consider this remarkable st atement:â€Å"The numerous seasonally sensitive plants preserved at the site indicate the eruption probably occurred in August. Further, the positions and conditions of artifacts indicate the eruption probably occurred in the early evening, after dinner was served but before the dishes were washed, likely between 6:00 and 7:00 P. M. † (Sheets) For all the fury and destruction that volcanoes can cause, such an outcome is nevertheless a joy to historians and archaeologists, and should be to anyone curious about the lives of prehistoric peoples.The focus of the explorations at Joya del Ceren is centered on â€Å"Household Archaeology,† with the household being defined as â€Å"the domestic coresidential social and adaptive unit intermediate between the individual and the neighborhood. † (Sheets) Part II of the book describes the four households excavated prior to publication, with eleven building having been completely excavated, and seven others partially excavate d. Professor Sheets summarizes the work to date as follows:Four buildings of Household 1 have been excavated, including a domicile (for sleeping, eating, and various daytime activities), a storehouse, a kitchen, and a ramada-style building that occasionally was used for chipped stone tool maintenance, among other functions (Structures 1, 6, 11, and 5, respectively). Two buildings of Household 2 have been excavated, the domicile and the storehouse (Structures 2 and 7). The kitchen has yet to be excavated, and we do not know if Structure 18 is a part of this household.Only a part of the kitchen of Household 3 is known (Structure 16). The storehouse of Household 4 has been excavated, and it is a storehouse and much more (Structure 4). The maguey (Agave americana) garden south of the building produced fiber for about a dozen households; the leaves were depulped to liberate the fibers using Structure 4's northeast corner pole. † (Sheets) The results of these excavations revealed a good deal about household and village life of the people of the Maya frontier circa 600 AD.We have an expanded view of what they ate (maize, beans, chiles, squash, manioc, maguey, cacao and guayaba among others), the wealth they possessed (over 70 vessels in household 1 alone), and their source of livelihood (both subsistence farming and craft specialization). Indeed it is possible to speculate that each household produced a certain type of finished craft for export trade within or beyond the village.Sheets describes how â€Å"each household overproduced at least one craft or commodity and used that for exchange within the community and to obtain long-distance traded items that generally were produced by specialists, such as obsidian tools, hematite pigments, and jade axes. † (Sheets) It is shown how household 1 produced groundstone items such as manos and metates, and a tool called a donut stone. Household 2 likely served as a painted gourd factory, as evidenced by the prese nce of cinnabar paints and the use-wear on chipped stone tools found at the site.In addition to the household structures, some other community buildings have been identified. These include Structure 9, a large sweat bath that could accommodate a dozen people , structure 10, considered to be a religious festival building of some kind, as evidenced by the presence of some sacred artifacts, such as a deer skull headdress, and an obsidian blade with traces of human blood. There is also a large community center or civic complex, perhaps used for local government functions or religious purposes or both. The religious buildings were painted white and are the only white buildings found at the site.Some of the agricultural fields have been examined, and the results are very interesting. For example, the rows for maize were ridged, and some areas show where portions of the crop have already been harvested and the ground replanted with the second crop for the year. Many species of plants are i dentified by plaster casting, including â€Å"maize, beans, chiles, squash, manioc, maguey, various trees such as cacao and guayaba, and a number of palm and deciduous trees. † (Sheets) The manioc field is known as the first evidence of the cultivation of this crop in the Americas.In a recent CU-Boulder news release article, Sheets said â€Å"we have long wondered what else the prehistoric Mayan people were growing and eating besides corn and beans, so finding this field was a jackpot of sorts for us. Manioc's extraordinary productivity may help explain how the Classic Maya at huge sites like Tikal in Guatemala and Copan in Honduras supported such dense populations. † The work at Joya del Ceren is far from over. The book explains how the archaeologists are using ground penetrating radar equipment to locate numerous other buildings for future excavations.As time goes on, the riches of Joya del Ceren will continue to emerge from the ashes. Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America is a rather typical archaeological report, fairly dry for reading, but full of fascinating information if you take the time to pick through it. What is important is what the Archaeology of the site can teach us of the ancient people that lived there. The site must be an outstanding place to visit, for to see such well-preserved artifacts would surely spark the imagination.I would surely recommend the book to anyone interested in the Maya, in archaeology and history in general, or to anybody that is curious about the way that ordinary people from the past may have lived their lives. Works Cited Sheets, Payson. â€Å"CU-Boulder Archaeology Team Discovers First Ancient Manioc Fields In Americas. † CU-Boulder News. August 20, 2007. http://www. colorado. edu/news/releases/2007/305. html Sheets, Payson (ed. ) Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America. Boulder, Colorado. 2002

Historical Development of Labour Law

The origins of labour law can be traced back to the remote past and the most varied parts of the world. While European writers often attach importance to the guilds and apprenticeship systems of the medieval world, some Asian scholars have identified labour standards as far back as the Laws of Hammurabi and rules for labour–management relations in the Laws of Manu; Latin-American authors point to the Laws of the Indies promulgated by Spain in the 17th century for its New World territories. None of these can be regarded as more than anticipations, with only limited influence on subsequent developments. Labour law as it is known today is essentially the child of successive industrial revolutions from the 18th century onward. It became necessary when customary restraints and the intimacy of employment relationships in small communities ceased to provide adequate protection against the abuses incidental to new forms of mining and manufacture on a rapidly increasing scale at precisely the time when the 18th-century Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the political forces that they set in motion were creating the elements of the modern social conscience. It developed rather slowly, chiefly in the more industrialized countries of western Europe, during the 19th century and has attained its present importance, relative maturity, and worldwide acceptance only during the 20th century. The first landmark of modern labour law was the British Health and Morals of Apprentices Act of 1802, sponsored by the elder Sir Robert Peel. Similar legislation for the protection of the young was adopted in Zurich in 1815 and in France in 1841. By 1848 the first legal limitation of the working hours of adults was adopted by the Landsgemeinde (citizens’ assembly) of the Swiss canton of Glarus. Sickness insurance and workmen’s compensation were pioneered by Germany in 1883 and 1884, and compulsory arbitration in industrial disputes was introduced in New Zealand in the 1890s. The progress of labour legislation outside western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand was slow until after World War I. The more industrialized states of the United States began to enact such legislation toward the end of the 19th century, but the bulk of the present labour legislation of the United States was not adopted until after the Depression of the 1930s. There was virtually no labour legislation in Russia prior to the October Revolution of 1917. In India children between the ages of seven and 12 were limited to nine hours of work per day in 1881 and adult males in textile mills to 10 hours per day in 1911, but the first major advance was the amendment of the Factory Act in 1922 to give effect to conventions adopted at the first session of the International Labour Conference at Washington, D. C. , in 1919. In Japan rudimentary regulations on work in mines were introduced in 1890, but a proposed factory act was controversial for 30 years before it was adopted in 1911, and the decisive step was the revision of this act in 1923 to give effect to the Washington Convention on hours of work in industry. Labour legislation in Latin America began in Argentina in the early years of the century and received a powerful impetus from the Mexican Revolution, which ended in 1917, but, as in North America, the trend became general only with the impact of the Great Depression. In Africa the progress of labour legislation became significant only from the 1940s onward. The legal recognition of the right of association for trade union purposes has a distinctive history. There is no other aspect of labour law in which successive phases of progress and regression have been more decisively influenced by political changes and considerations. The legal prohibition of such association was repealed in the United Kingdom in 1824 and in France in 1884; there have been many subsequent changes in the law and may well be further changes, but these have related to matters of detail rather than to fundamental principles. In the United States freedom of association for trade union purposes remained precarious and subject to the unpredictable scope of the labour injunction, by means of which the courts helped restrain trade union activity until the 1930s. The breakthrough for trade unionism and collective bargaining was achieved by the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. In many other countries the record of progress and regression with respect to freedom of association falls into clearly distinguished periods separated by decisive political changes. This has certainly been the case with Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, and much of eastern Europe; there have been many illustrations of it, and there may well be more in the developing world. Labour codes or other forms of comprehensive labour legislation and inistries of labour were not introduced until the 20th century. The first labour code (which, like many of its successors, was a consolidation rather than a codification) was projected in France in 1901 and promulgated in stages from 1910 to 1927. Among the more advanced formulations affecting the general condition of labour were the Mexican Constitution of 1917 and the Weimar Constitution of Germany of 1919, both of which gave constitutional status to certain general principles of social policy regarding economic rights. Provisions of this kind have become increasingly common and are now widespread in all parts of the world. Departments or ministries of labour responsible for the effective administration of labour legislation and for promoting its future development were established in Canada in 1900, in France in 1906, in the United States in 1913, in the United Kingdom in 1916, and in Germany in 1918. They became general in Europe and were established in India and Japan during the following years and became common in Latin America in the ’30s. A labour office was established in Egypt in 1930, but only in the ’40s and ’50s did similar arrangements begin to take root elsewhere in Asia and Africa. Under differing political circumstances there continue, of course, to be wide variations in the authority and effectiveness of such administrative machinery.

USTDA essays

USTDA essays After going to the Tradeport website, I have decided to do my paper on a US federal government agency. I explored a few of the agencies and decided to choose the US Trade and Development Agency. The US Trade and Development Agency (TDA) is a small independent agency. It is comprised of about forty-one people. The director is Mr. J. Joseph Grandmaison, who was nominated by President Bill Clinton. The TDA with the help of the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee works with the Department of Commerce, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and other agencies to advance American business interest in other countries. They are primarily involved in the agriculture, energy, environment, health care, information technology manufacturing, mining and mineral development, telecommunications, transportation, and water resources areas. This is the TDA Mission Statement: The U. S. Trade and Development Agency assists in the creation of jobs for Americans by helping U.S. companies pursue overseas business opportunities. Through the funding of feasible studies, orientation visits, specialized training grants, business workshops, and various forms of technical assistance, we enable American businesses to compete for infrastructure and industrial projects in middle-income and developing countries (1). The TDA funds project planning activities which directly influences the decisions related to major industrial projects. In other words, these are projects that represent millions of dollars in US export potential. TDA works to ensure that the services and products needed for projects will be stamped Made in the USA (How TDA Operates 1). An example of some of the goods and services are radar for airports in Asia and process controls for refineries in Latin America. The TDA is active in over forty countries throughout the world. Sometimes, however, statutory, and policy restraints eith...

Cockney Rhyming Slang

Cockney Rhyming Slang Cockney Rhyming Slang Cockney Rhyming Slang By Sharon Cockney Rhyming Slang has been moving around the world, thanks to the popularity of East End gangster movies such as Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and many others. Its a series of words and phrases used by Cockneys and other Londoners. Originally, a Cockney was someone born within the area where they could hear the bells of St Mary le Bow church in Cheapside, London. (This is known as being born within the sound of the Bow Bells). However, an increasingly mobile society means that this label applies to anyone with Cockney heritage or accent. Rhyming slang consists of replacing a word or phrase with another that rhymes with it. To make it more confusing, the rhyme may be hidden, so that theres no obvious link between the slang term and the original word or phrase. No one is quite sure where the slang originates. Some speculate that it was designed to help thieves speak without being understood by others after a crackdown on crime in the heart of London. Others suggest that market traders created the slang so they could discuss matters among themselves while securing a good deal from their customers. What is known is that Cockney rhyming slang is alive and well, with new phrases entering the lexicon all the time. Some phrases have entered common British speech and are used daily without any awareness of their Cockney origins. Examples include: use your loaf (loaf of bread = head) have a butchers (butchers hook = look) cobblers rubbish (cobblers awls = balls) porkies (pork pies = lies) donkeys (donkeys ears = years) Other traditional expressions which are perhaps less widespread include: apples (apples and pears = stairs) plates (plates of meat = feet) Barnet (Barnet Fair = hair) Boat race (= face) Trouble (trouble and strife = wife) Pony (pony and trap = crap) Adam and Eve (= believe) dog (dog and bone = phone) china (china plate = mate) Rosie (Rosie Lee = tea) rabbit (rabbit and pork = talk) whistle (whistle and flute= suit) bacons (bacon and eggs = legs) cream crackered (= knackered tired) minces (mince pies = eyes) tea leaf (= thief) jimmy (Jimmy Riddle = piddle pee) The Cockney Rhyming Slang site also lists several examples of modern slang expressions, including: Ayrton (Ayrton Senna = tenner ten pound note) A la mode (= code) Anneka Rice ( = advice) Adrian Mole (= dole unemployment benefit) Abergavenny (= penny) These are just a few examples. The BBC provides a long list of Cockney Rhyming Slangand theres another extensive list here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?8 Writing Tips for Beginners10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sarbanes-Oxley Act - Essay Example Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is deemed to be quite effective in protecting the investors and enhancing the factor of accurateness and reliability in various corporate financial activities. It has further been noted that the act mainly aims at enhancing the above mentioned aspects in a constant basis with the implementation of strict laws and rules for audit committees of public companies, binding accounting professionals’ functions under the stated regimes (Rolf, 2005). Effectiveness of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in Minimizing Corporate Fraud and Protecting Investors The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, with its strict supervision encourages companies to adopt stern control system on their operational activities, which are expected to minimise the crime rates relating to investor fraud within the organisation. The effectiveness of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can be exemplified from the fact that it has been able to develop various new legal enforcements with regard to deal with corporate f raud and ensure punitive measures for the wrongdoers within any business. Additionally, the effectiveness of the act can also be justified from the fact that it not only punishes the companies that are involved in fraud but also the participants who initiates the same and therefore, assists in maintaining an all-inclusive framework to prevent accounting fallacies (Rolf, 2005; Ernst & Young, n.d.). Suggestions for Improvement. The act aims to take continuous plunges in developing its strategies and creating provisions that can restrain companies and accounting professionals from conducting corporate fraud, taking its learning outcomes from the classic disaster case of Enron scandal. However, like any other act or legal provision, Sarbanes-Oxley Act also has the scope for further improvement, so that it can enhance its effectiveness to the next level. Suggestively, the act needs to include certain penalties that would be efficient to target low level frauds. Currently, the charged pen alty structure of the act can be regarded as quite severe for any kind of fraud in the context of corporate governance. Impact of the Formation of PCAOB on Auditing Firms and the Public Accounting Professions It is apparent from the above discussion that Sarbanes-Oxley Act is quite effective in dealing with the increasing cases related to corporate fraud. In strengthening its position as an effective legal provision aimed towards reducing corporate frauds, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as used to form the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The PCAOB is a non-profit organisation that deals with protecting the interests of the investors by promoting the accuracy in accounting reports as well as emphasising independence of professionals in developing audit reports. Apparently, aimed towards binding accounting professionals, the initiation of this regime has imposed certain impacts on auditing firms and the public accounting professions, the most affected aspect being auditor i ndependence. In the aftermath its enactment, the staff of PCAOB are in constant supervision of auditing firms and the public accounting professionals likewise, in order to identify any kind of violation of applied laws and professional standards in developing financial reports. In this regard, some of the rights of the authority include their power to impose